Top 100 Most-Disruptive Papers

The 100 most-disruptive papers by the Funk & Owen-Smith CD (disruption) index, which measures how much a paper redirected the field away from prior work.

The disruption index is unreliable for papers published within the last 5 years — the forward-citation window is too short to score them — so recent papers are excluded from this ranking. A research reference for clinicians and trainees, not treatment advice.

#PaperAltmetricCD index
1AGA Clinical Practice Update on Surveillance for Hepatobiliary Cancers in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Expert Review.
Bowlus CL · 2019 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.550
77 cites
2Predicting Outcomes in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis for Management Optimization: Systematic Review and Consensus Statements From the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Ahead Program.
Orlanski-Meyer E · 2021 · Gastroenterology
+0.218
47 cites
3Effects of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Risks of Cancer and Death in People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Based on Sex, Race, and Age.
Trivedi PJ · 2020 · Gastroenterology
+0.198
146 cites
4Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Olsson R · 1991 · Gastroenterology
+0.175
311 cites
5Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis of liver allograft.
Vera A · 2002 · Lancet
+0.156
163 cites
6Effects of orthotopic liver transplantation and immunosuppression on inflammatory bowel disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients.
Stephens J · 1993 · Transplant Proc
+0.115
49 cites
7Sclerosing cholangitis after continuous hepatic artery infusion of FUDR.
Kemeny MM · 1985 · Ann Surg
+0.103
135 cites
8Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of its clinical features, cholangiography, and hepatic histology.
Chapman RW · 1980 · Gut
+0.102
739 cites
9Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis with cholangitis: a variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis extensively involving pancreas.
Kawaguchi K · 1991 · Hum Pathol
+0.089
466 cites
10Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated with Autoimmune Liver Disease Pre- and Postliver Transplantation: A Case Series.
Lim TY · 2016 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.057
25 cites
11Cholangiographic evaluation of bile duct carcinoma.
Nichols DA · 1983 · AJR Am J Roentgenol
+0.046
69 cites
12Secondary sclerosing cholangitis: a comparison to primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Gossard AA · 2005 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.039
78 cites
13Abnormal hepatic biochemistries in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Mendes FD · 2007 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.031
102 cites
14Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Levine JS · 2011 · Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)
+0.027
338 cites
15The epidemiology and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
Karlinger K · 2000 · Eur J Radiol
+0.024
201 cites
16Low-dose weekly methotrexate for unusual neutrophilic vascular reactions: cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and Behçet's disease.
Jorizzo JL · 1991 · J Am Acad Dermatol
+0.023
74 cites
17The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study.
Bernstein CN · 2001 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.022
565 cites
18Risk factors for biliary tract carcinogenesis.
Chapman RW · 1999 · Ann Oncol
+0.021
169 cites
19Idiopathic adulthood ductopenia. A cause of chronic cholestatic liver disease and biliary cirrhosis.
Ludwig J · 1988 · J Hepatol
+0.018
147 cites
20Severity of inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis.
Rutter M · 2004 · Gastroenterology
+0.018
973 cites
21Primary sclerosing cholangitis. A study of forty-two cases.
Warren KW · 1966 · Am J Surg
+0.016
251 cites
22Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management.
Rogler G · 2021 · Gastroenterology
+0.015
643 cites
23The association of autoimmune disorders with inflammatory bowel disease.
Snook JA · 1989 · Q J Med
+0.014
175 cites
24Azithromycin may reduce cholestasis in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case report and serendipitous observation.
Boner AL · 2007 · Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
+0.012
26 cites
25Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic acalculous cholecystitis: a distinctive form of chronic cholecystitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Jessurun J · 1998 · Hum Pathol
+0.012
24 cites
26Plasma antioxidant levels in chronic cholestatic liver diseases.
Floreani A · 2000 · Aliment Pharmacol Ther
+0.010
53 cites
27Oral vancomycin: treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Cox KL · 1998 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.009
52 cites
28SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS. ASSOCIATION WITH REGIONAL ENTERITIS.
ATKINSON AJ · 1964 · JAMA
+0.009
57 cites
29Gut-liver immunity.
Trivedi PJ · 2016 · J Hepatol
+0.009
72 cites
30Ulcerative colitis disease activity as subjectively assessed by patient-completed questionnaires following orthotopic liver transplantation for sclerosing cholangitis.
Gavaler JS · 1991 · Dig Dis Sci
+0.009
59 cites
31Validity of administrative data for the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a population-based study.
Molodecky NA · 2011 · Liver Int
+0.008
25 cites
32Primary sclerosing cholangitis in childhood.
el-Shabrawi M · 1987 · Gastroenterology
+0.008
129 cites
33Immunological similarities between primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic sclerosing sialadenitis: report of the overlapping of these two autoimmune diseases.
Tsuneyama K · 2000 · Dig Dis Sci
+0.008
27 cites
34Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the risk, pathogenesis, prevention and diagnosis.
Kim ER · 2014 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.007
309 cites
35Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with systemic sclerosis.
Fraile G · 1991 · Postgrad Med J
+0.007
26 cites
36Colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and prevention strategies.
Triantafillidis JK · 2009 · Anticancer Res
+0.007
316 cites
37Association of UCP2 -866 G/A polymorphism with chronic inflammatory diseases.
Yu X · 2009 · Genes Immun
+0.006
78 cites
38Development of colon cancer after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis.
Higashi H · 1990 · Hepatology
+0.006
114 cites
39Pancreatic cancer: epidemiology and risk factors.
Krejs GJ · 2010 · Dig Dis
+0.005
94 cites
40Frequency of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Northwest Greece and review of the literature.
Christodoulou DK · 2002 · Dig Liver Dis
+0.005
51 cites
41Improving outpatient services: the Southampton IBD virtual clinic.
Hunter J · 2012 · Postgrad Med J
+0.005
29 cites
42Posttransplantation de novo tumors in liver allograft recipients.
Penn I · 1996 · Liver Transpl Surg
+0.005
90 cites
43A case series of transplant recipients who despite immunosuppression developed inflammatory bowel disease.
Riley TR · 1997 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.005
100 cites
44Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Bernstein CN · 2001 · Curr Gastroenterol Rep
+0.005
29 cites
45Immunohistochemical analysis of inflammation in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Ponsioen CY · 1999 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.005
51 cites
46Diagnosis and classification of ulcerative colitis.
Conrad K · 2014 · Autoimmun Rev
+0.005
255 cites
47Cancer risk in cystic fibrosis: a 20-year nationwide study from the United States.
Maisonneuve P · 2013 · J Natl Cancer Inst
+0.004
247 cites
48Ulcerative colitis: analyses of 116 cases (do extraintestinal manifestations effect the time to catch remission?).
Ozdil S · 2004 · Hepatogastroenterology
+0.004
28 cites
49Risk for colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: changes, causes and management strategies.
Lakatos PL · 2008 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.004
344 cites
50Chronic cholestatic diseases.
Poupon R · 2000 · J Hepatol
+0.004
133 cites
51Inflammatory bowel disease as a risk factor for colorectal cancer.
Lukas M · 2010 · Dig Dis
+0.004
77 cites
52Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Stidham RW · 2018 · Clin Colon Rectal Surg
+0.003
227 cites
53Sclerosing cholangitis in cystic fibrosis.
Strandvik B · 1988 · Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl
+0.003
39 cites
54Is sclerosing cholangitis complicating ulcerative colitis a reversible condition?
Wood RA · 1980 · Lancet
+0.003
50 cites
55ABC of colorectal cancer. Molecular basis for risk factors.
Hardy RG · 2000 · BMJ
+0.003
73 cites
56Liver complications in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Wieser V · 2013 · Dig Dis
+0.003
25 cites
57Simultaneous occurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
Rabinovitz M · 1992 · Dig Dis Sci
+0.003
79 cites
58Ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Yashiro M · 2014 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.003
217 cites
59Hepatobiliary complications of ulcerative colitis.
Lupinetti M · 1980 · Am J Surg
+0.003
27 cites
60Primary sclerosing cholangitis in Japan--analysis of 192 cases.
Takikawa H · 1997 · J Gastroenterol
+0.003
94 cites
61Chronic inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.
Pohl C · 2000 · Hepatogastroenterology
+0.003
124 cites
62Glomerulonephritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Report of a patient with chronic ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and acute glomerulonephritis.
Wilcox GM · 1990 · Gastroenterology
+0.003
48 cites
63Carcinogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease.
Herszenyi L · 2007 · Dig Dis
+0.003
52 cites
64Prevention of infection caused by immunosuppressive drugs in gastroenterology.
Orlicka K · 2013 · Ther Adv Chronic Dis
+0.002
66 cites
65Diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinomas: a comprehensive review.
Yalcin S · 2004 · Hepatogastroenterology
+0.002
30 cites
66Aetiology and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis--a decade of progress?
Chapman RW · 1991 · Gut
+0.002
42 cites
67Etiologic and clinical characteristics of peripheral and hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Altaee MY · 1991 · Cancer
+0.002
91 cites
68Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA): their detection and significance: report from workshops.
Savige JA · 1994 · Pathology
+0.002
27 cites
69Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and autoimmune liver diseases.
Muratori P · 2003 · Clin Exp Immunol
+0.002
84 cites
70Ulcerative colitis.
Ghosh S · 2000 · BMJ
+0.002
57 cites
71Malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease: fact or fiction?
van Hogezand RA · 2002 · Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl
+0.002
39 cites
72A survey of infectious agents as risk factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis: are Chlamydia species involved?
Ponsioen CY · 2002 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.002
25 cites
73Primary sclerosing cholangitis and disease distribution in inflammatory bowel disease.
O'Toole A · 2012 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.002
63 cites
74Association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with HLA-B8.
Chapman RW · 1983 · Gut
+0.002
227 cites
75Risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with nonsmoking behavior.
van Erpecum KJ · 1996 · Gastroenterology
+0.002
77 cites
76Liver disorders in inflammatory bowel disease.
Uko V · 2012 · Gastroenterol Res Pract
+0.001
48 cites
77Long-term complications, extraintestinal manifestations, and mortality in adult Crohn's disease in population-based cohorts.
Peyrin-Biroulet L · 2011 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.001
180 cites
78Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis of 16 observational studies.
Zheng HH · 2016 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.001
124 cites
79Patient awareness of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Huang V · 2013 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.001
24 cites
80The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: Extra-intestinal Diseases in IBD.
Bernstein CN · 2019 · J Can Assoc Gastroenterol
+0.001
51 cites
81Prevalence of penetrating disease and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease detected with CT enterography.
Bruining DH · 2008 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.001
104 cites
82Primary sclerosing cholangitis: diagnostic and management challenges.
Sirpal S · 2017 · Clin Exp Gastroenterol
+0.001
33 cites
83Frequency and risk factors of low immunoglobulin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Rai T · 2015 · Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
+0.001
36 cites
84Comorbidities in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a population-based cohort study.
Ghersin I · 2020 · Pediatr Res
+0.001
20 cites
85Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: what is the real magnitude of the risk?
Dyson JK · 2012 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.001
158 cites
86Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Vavricka SR · 2015 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.001
491 cites
87Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: rising frequency, improved survival, and determinants of outcome after resection.
Endo I · 2008 · Ann Surg
+0.001
718 cites
88Cholangitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis.
Mohammad Alizadeh AH · 2017 · J Clin Transl Hepatol
+0.001
28 cites
89Colon Cancer: Inflammation-Associated Cancer.
Shawki S · 2018 · Surg Oncol Clin N Am
+0.001
69 cites
90Gut-liver axis.
Zeuzem S · 2000 · Int J Colorectal Dis
+0.001
91 cites
91Colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the true impact of the risk.
Herszényi L · 2015 · Dig Dis
+0.001
58 cites
92Immunopathogenesis of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases.
Galperin C · 1997 · JAMA
+0.001
24 cites
93Gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal disease: mechanism and treatment.
Meng X · 2020 · J Appl Microbiol
+0.001
84 cites
94The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
Burisch J · 2015 · Scand J Gastroenterol
+0.001
246 cites
95Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Nebbia M · 2020 · Clin Colon Rectal Surg
+0.001
37 cites
96Extradigestive manifestations of IBD in pediatrics.
Aloi M · 2009 · Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
+0.001
29 cites
97Early onset of ulcerative colitis: long-term follow-up with special reference to colorectal cancer and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Lindberg J · 2008 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.001
21 cites
98Overview of molecular pathways in inflammatory bowel disease associated with colorectal cancer development.
Azer SA · 2013 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.001
68 cites
99Is colonoscopy alone sufficient to screen for ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma?
Bruewer M · 2003 · World J Surg
+0.001
25 cites
100Appropriate management of special situations in Crohn's disease (upper gastro-intestinal; extra-intestinal manifestations; drug safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding): Results of a multidisciplinary international expert panel-EPACT II.
Mottet C · 2009 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.000
26 cites