Top 100 Most Disruptive

The 100 most-disruptive papers by the Funk & Owen-Smith CD (disruption) index, which measures how much a paper redirected the field away from prior work.

Curated by · Professor of Surgery, Department of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic · Corpus last refreshed · Publications

Ranked from the IBD–primary sclerosing cholangitis literature.

The disruption index is unreliable for papers published within the last 5 years. The forward-citation window is too short to score them, so recent papers are excluded from this ranking. A research reference for clinicians and trainees, not treatment advice.

#PaperAltmetricCD index
1AGA Clinical Practice Update on Surveillance for Hepatobiliary Cancers in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Expert Review.
2019 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.550
79 cites
2Predicting Outcomes in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis for Management Optimization: Systematic Review and Consensus Statements From the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Ahead Program.
Orlanski-Meyer · 2021 · Gastroenterology
+0.218
48 cites
3Effects of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Risks of Cancer and Death in People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Based on Sex, Race, and Age.
2020 · Gastroenterology
+0.198
148 cites
4Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis.
1991 · Gastroenterology
+0.175
311 cites
5Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis of liver allograft.
2002 · Lancet
+0.156
163 cites
6Effects of orthotopic liver transplantation and immunosuppression on inflammatory bowel disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients.
1993 · Transplant Proc
+0.115
49 cites
7Sclerosing cholangitis after continuous hepatic artery infusion of FUDR.
1985 · Ann Surg
+0.103
135 cites
8Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of its clinical features, cholangiography, and hepatic histology.
Chapman RW · 1980 · Gut
+0.102
740 cites
9Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis with cholangitis: a variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis extensively involving pancreas.
1991 · Hum Pathol
+0.089
466 cites
10Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated with Autoimmune Liver Disease Pre- and Postliver Transplantation: A Case Series.
2016 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.057
25 cites
11Cholangiographic evaluation of bile duct carcinoma.
1983 · AJR Am J Roentgenol
+0.046
69 cites
12Secondary sclerosing cholangitis: a comparison to primary sclerosing cholangitis.
2005 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.039
78 cites
13Abnormal hepatic biochemistries in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
2007 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.031
103 cites
14Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
2011 · Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)
+0.027
340 cites
15The epidemiology and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
2000 · Eur J Radiol
+0.024
201 cites
16Low-dose weekly methotrexate for unusual neutrophilic vascular reactions: cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and Behçet's disease.
1991 · J Am Acad Dermatol
+0.023
74 cites
17The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study.
2001 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.022
567 cites
18Risk factors for biliary tract carcinogenesis.
1999 · Ann Oncol
+0.021
169 cites
19Severity of inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis.
2004 · Gastroenterology
+0.018
975 cites
20Primary sclerosing cholangitis. A study of forty-two cases.
1966 · Am J Surg
+0.016
250 cites
21Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management.
2021 · Gastroenterology
+0.015
659 cites
22The association of autoimmune disorders with inflammatory bowel disease.
1989 · Q J Med
+0.014
175 cites
23Azithromycin may reduce cholestasis in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case report and serendipitous observation.
2007 · Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
+0.012
26 cites
24Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic acalculous cholecystitis: a distinctive form of chronic cholecystitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
1998 · Hum Pathol
+0.012
24 cites
25Plasma antioxidant levels in chronic cholestatic liver diseases.
2000 · Aliment Pharmacol Ther
+0.010
53 cites
26Oral vancomycin: treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
1998 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.009
52 cites
27SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS. ASSOCIATION WITH REGIONAL ENTERITIS.
1964 · JAMA
+0.009
57 cites
28Gut-liver immunity.
2016 · J Hepatol
+0.009
72 cites
29Ulcerative colitis disease activity as subjectively assessed by patient-completed questionnaires following orthotopic liver transplantation for sclerosing cholangitis.
1991 · Dig Dis Sci
+0.009
59 cites
30Validity of administrative data for the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a population-based study.
2011 · Liver Int
+0.008
25 cites
31Primary sclerosing cholangitis in childhood.
1987 · Gastroenterology
+0.008
130 cites
32Immunological similarities between primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic sclerosing sialadenitis: report of the overlapping of these two autoimmune diseases.
2000 · Dig Dis Sci
+0.008
27 cites
33Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the risk, pathogenesis, prevention and diagnosis.
2014 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.007
309 cites
34Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with systemic sclerosis.
1991 · Postgrad Med J
+0.007
26 cites
35Colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and prevention strategies
Triantafillidis · 2009 · Anticancer Res
+0.007
318 cites
36Association of UCP2 -866 G/A polymorphism with chronic inflammatory diseases.
2009 · Genes Immun
+0.006
78 cites
37Development of colon cancer after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis.
Higashi · 1990 · Hepatology
+0.006
114 cites
38Pancreatic cancer: epidemiology and risk factors.
2010 · Dig Dis
+0.005
95 cites
39Frequency of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Northwest Greece and review of the literature.
2002 · Dig Liver Dis
+0.005
51 cites
40Improving outpatient services: the Southampton IBD virtual clinic.
2012 · Postgrad Med J
+0.005
29 cites
41A case series of transplant recipients who despite immunosuppression developed inflammatory bowel disease.
Riley · 1997 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.005
100 cites
42Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
2001 · Curr Gastroenterol Rep
+0.005
29 cites
43Immunohistochemical analysis of inflammation in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
1999 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.005
53 cites
44Diagnosis and classification of ulcerative colitis.
2014 · Autoimmun Rev
+0.005
259 cites
45Ulcerative colitis: analyses of 116 cases (do extraintestinal manifestations effect the time to catch remission?).
Ozdil · 2004 · Hepatogastroenterology
+0.004
28 cites
46Risk for colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: changes, causes and management strategies.
2008 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.004
344 cites
47Chronic cholestatic diseases.
2000 · J Hepatol
+0.004
133 cites
48Inflammatory bowel disease as a risk factor for colorectal cancer.
Lukas · 2010 · Dig Dis
+0.004
77 cites
49Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Stidham Ryan · 2018 · Clin Colon Rectal Surg
+0.003
229 cites
50Sclerosing cholangitis in cystic fibrosis.
1988 · Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl
+0.003
39 cites
51Is sclerosing cholangitis complicating ulcerative colitis a reversible condition?
Wood · 1980 · Lancet
+0.003
50 cites
52ABC of colorectal cancer. Molecular basis for risk factors.
2000 · BMJ
+0.003
73 cites
53Liver complications in inflammatory bowel diseases.
2013 · Dig Dis
+0.003
25 cites
54Simultaneous occurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
1992 · Dig Dis Sci
+0.003
79 cites
55Ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Yashiro M · 2014 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.003
218 cites
56Hepatobiliary complications of ulcerative colitis.
Lupinetti · 1980 · Am J Surg
+0.003
27 cites
57Primary sclerosing cholangitis in Japan--analysis of 192 cases.
1997 · J Gastroenterol
+0.003
94 cites
58Chronic inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.
Pohl · 2000 · Hepatogastroenterology
+0.003
124 cites
59Glomerulonephritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Report of a patient with chronic ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and acute glomerulonephritis.
1990 · Gastroenterology
+0.003
48 cites
60Carcinogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease.
2007 · Dig Dis
+0.003
52 cites
61Diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinomas: a comprehensive review.
2004 · Hepatogastroenterology
+0.002
30 cites
62Aetiology and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis--a decade of progress?
1991 · Gut
+0.002
42 cites
63Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA): their detection and significance: report from workshops.
1994 · Pathology
+0.002
27 cites
64Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and autoimmune liver diseases.
2003 · Clin Exp Immunol
+0.002
84 cites
65Ulcerative colitis.
Ghosh · 2000 · BMJ
+0.002
57 cites
66Malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease: fact or fiction?
2002 · Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl
+0.002
39 cites
67Primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome associated with inflammatory bowel disease: A case report and systematic review.
Ballotin VR · 2020 · World J Clin Cases
+0.002
21 cites
68A survey of infectious agents as risk factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis: are Chlamydia species involved?
2002 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.002
25 cites
69Primary sclerosing cholangitis and disease distribution in inflammatory bowel disease.
2012 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.002
63 cites
70Association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with HLA-B8.
1983 · Gut
+0.002
227 cites
71Risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with nonsmoking behavior.
1996 · Gastroenterology
+0.002
77 cites
72Liver disorders in inflammatory bowel disease.
2012 · Gastroenterol Res Pract
+0.001
48 cites
73Long-term complications, extraintestinal manifestations, and mortality in adult Crohn's disease in population-based cohorts.
2011 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.001
180 cites
74Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis of 16 observational studies.
2016 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.001
126 cites
75Patient awareness of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Huang V · 2013 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.001
24 cites
76The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: Extra-intestinal Diseases in IBD.
2019 · J Can Assoc Gastroenterol
+0.001
51 cites
77Prevalence of penetrating disease and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease detected with CT enterography.
2008 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.001
104 cites
78Primary sclerosing cholangitis: diagnostic and management challenges.
2017 · Clin Exp Gastroenterol
+0.001
33 cites
79Frequency and risk factors of low immunoglobulin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Rai · 2015 · Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
+0.001
36 cites
80Comorbidities in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a population-based cohort study.
2020 · Pediatr Res
+0.001
20 cites
81Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: what is the real magnitude of the risk?
2012 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.001
161 cites
82Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2015 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.001
501 cites
83Cholangitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis.
2017 · J Clin Transl Hepatol
+0.001
28 cites
84Colon Cancer: Inflammation-Associated Cancer.
Shawki Sherief · 2018 · Surg Oncol Clin N Am
+0.001
70 cites
85Gut-liver axis.
2000 · Int J Colorectal Dis
+0.001
92 cites
86Colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the true impact of the risk.
2015 · Dig Dis
+0.001
58 cites
87Immunopathogenesis of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases.
1997 · JAMA
+0.001
24 cites
88Gut dysbacteriosis and intestinal disease: mechanism and treatment.
2020 · J Appl Microbiol
+0.001
87 cites
89The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
Burisch · 2015 · Scand J Gastroenterol
+0.001
246 cites
90Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2020 · Clin Colon Rectal Surg
+0.001
37 cites
91Extradigestive manifestations of IBD in pediatrics.
2009 · Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
+0.001
29 cites
92Early onset of ulcerative colitis: long-term follow-up with special reference to colorectal cancer and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
2008 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.001
21 cites
93Overview of molecular pathways in inflammatory bowel disease associated with colorectal cancer development.
2013 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.001
68 cites
94Is colonoscopy alone sufficient to screen for ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma?
Bruewer Matthias · 2003 · World J Surg
+0.001
25 cites
95Appropriate management of special situations in Crohn's disease (upper gastro-intestinal; extra-intestinal manifestations; drug safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding): Results of a multidisciplinary international expert panel-EPACT II.
2009 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.000
26 cites
96A Review of Extraintestinal Manifestations and Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
2019 · Saudi J Med Med Sci
+0.000
38 cites
97Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in children with inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and diagnostic value.
1997 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.000
38 cites
98Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease.
2005 · Digestion
+0.000
33 cites
99Gastrointestinal cancers in inflammatory bowel disease: An update with emphasis on imaging findings.
2016 · Crit Rev Oncol Hematol
+0.000
41 cites
100Inflammation and cancer IV. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of inflammation.
Itzkowitz SH · 2004 · Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
+0.000
1,020 cites